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- ******************************************************
- * Short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family signature *
- ******************************************************
-
- Alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) (ADH) catalyzes the reversible oxidation of
- ethanol to acetaldehyde with the concomitant reduction of NAD [1]. Currently
- three, structurally and catalytically, different types of alcohol
- dehydrogenases are known:
-
- - Zinc-containing 'long-chain' alcohol dehydrogenases.
- - Insect-type, or 'short-chain' alcohol dehydrogenases.
- - Iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenases.
-
- Short-chain alcohol dehydrogenases [2] are dimeric enzymes of approximately
- 250 amino acid residues. The sequence of ADH's from various Drosophila species
- is known. These ADH's have been shown [3 to 7] to be evolutionary related to
- a number of other dehydrogenases and to proteins which are, most probably,
- also dehydrogenases but whose function has not yet been characterized. The
- proteins currently known to belong to this family are listed below
- (references are only provided for recently determined sequences).
-
- - Acetoin dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.5) from Klebsiella terrigena [8].
- - D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH) (EC 1.1.1.30) from mammals.
- - Acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.36) from Alcaligenes eutrophus and
- Zoogloea ramigera (gene phbB).
- - Glucose 1-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.47) from two Bacillus species.
- - 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.51) from Comomonas
- testosteroni.
- - 20-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.53) from Streptomyces
- hydrogenans.
- - Ribitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.56) (RDH) from Klebsiella aerogenes.
- - Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.62) from human.
- - 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] reductase (EC 1.1.1.100) from Escherichia
- coli (gene fabG) and from plants.
- - Sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.140) from Escherichia coli
- (gene gutD) and from Klebsiella pneumoniae (gene sorD).
- - 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) (EC 1.1.1.141) from human.
- - Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.146) (11-DH) from rat.
- - 7-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.159) from Escherichia coli
- (gene hdhA) and from Eubacterium strain VPI 12708 (gene baiA).
- - NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase (EC 1.1.1.184) from human.
- - N-acylmannosamine 1-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.233) [9] from Flavobacterium
- strain 141-8.
- - Cis-1,2-dihydroxy-3,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.
- -) from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (gene benD) and Pseudomonas putida
- (gene xylL).
- - Biphenyl-cis-diol dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.-) (gene bphB) from Pseudomonas
- pseudoalcaligenes
- - Cis-toluene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.-) from Pseudomonas putida
- (gene todD).
- - Cis-benzene glycol dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.19) from Pseudomonas putida
- (gene bnzE).
- - 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.28) (gene entA)
- from Escherichia coli.
- - Putative keto-acyl reductases from Streptomyces polyketide biosynthesis
- operons.
-
- - A trifunctional hydratase-dehydrogenase-epimerase from the peroxisomal
- beta-oxidation system of Candida tropicalis. This protein contains two
- tandemly repeated 'short-chain dehydrogenase-type' domain in its N-terminal
- extremity.
-
- - Nodulation protein nodG from species of Azospirillum and Rhizobium which is
- probably involved in the modification of the nodulation Nod factor fatty
- acyl chain.
- - Nitrogen fixation protein fixR from Bradyrhizobium japonicum.
- - An adipocyte protein from mouse (p27).
- - A 25 Kd development specific protein from the fly Sarcophaga peregrina.
- - Drosophila fat body protein P6 [10].
- - A Listeria monocytogenes hypothetical protein encoded in the internalins
- gene region.
- - A Bacillus subtilis hypothetical protein (ORF238) encoded in the
- replication terminus region.
-
- We use as a signature pattern for this family of proteins one of the best
- conserved regions which includes two perfectly conserved residues, a tyrosine
- and a lysine. The tyrosine residue has been shown, in glucose dehydrogenase
- and in 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [11], to be important for
- catalytic activity and/or for subunit binding.
-
- -Consensus pattern: Y-[PSTAGCV]-[STAGCIV]-[STAGC]-K-x-[SAG]-[LIVMAG]-x(2)-
- [LIVMF]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except
- for Drosophila P6, acetoacetyl-CoA reductase from Zoogloea ramigera, and for
- Drosophila mulleri Adh1.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: 21 proteins that clearly do not
- belong to this family.
-
- -Expert(s) to contact by email: Joernvall H.
- hans.jornvall@k1m.ki.se
- Persson B.
- bengt.persson@embl-heidelberg.de
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Branden C.-I., Joernvall H., Eklund H., Furugren B.
- (In) The Enzymes (3rd edition) 11:104-190(1975).
- [ 2] Villarroya A., Juan E., Egestad B., Joernvall H.
- Eur. J. Biochem. 180:191-197(1989).
- [ 3] Persson B., Krook M., Joernvall H.
- Eur. J. Biochem. 200:537-543(1991).
- [ 4] Baker M.E.
- Biochem. J. 267:839-841(1990).
- [ 5] Baker M.E.
- FASEB J. 4:222-226(1990).
- [ 6] Baker M.E.
- FASEB J. 4:3028-3032(1990).
- [ 7] Neidle E.L., Hartnett C., Ornston N.L., Bairoch A., Rekik M., Harayama S.
- Eur. J. Biochem. 204:113-120(1992).
- [ 8] Blomqvist K., Nikkola M., Lehtovaara P., Suihko M.L., Airaksinen U.,
- Straby K.B., Knowles J.K., Penttilae M.E.
- J. Bacteriol. 175:1392-1404(1993).
- [ 9] Yamamoto-Otake H., Koyama Y., Horiuchi T., Nakano E.
- Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:1418-1422(1991).
- [10] Rat L., Veuille M., Lepesant J.-A.
- J. Mol. Evol. 33:194-203(1991).
- [11] Ensor C.M., Tai H.-H.
- Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 176:840-845(1991).
-